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SUBSTITUTED FOR MISSIJO GUPYI I06. COMPOSITIONS,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CLARK D. PAGE, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

COMPOSITION FOR ARTIFICIAL STONE.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 27.563, dated March 20,1860.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLARK D. PAGE, of Rochester, in the county ofMonroe, in the State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Modeof Manufacturing 3. Glauconitic Building-Stone; and I do hereby declarethat the following is a full and exact description thereof, referencebeing had to the accomiaf g g? gga g gfi i f panymg Specimen niticgrains) 16.662 per cent.

The nature of my 1m ention consists 1n pro- Alumina 6 837 viding for anew, superior, and cheap building Ma nesia 1 material, in imitation ofgranite, having the f 3'573 same hardness and durability.

To enable others skilled in the art to make IEi Z I g g gg of a S111 4579 use of my invention, I will proceed to describe Soluble sigca (incompasmon operatlon' with iron and potash). 35 7 94 The material usedfor my glauconltic build- Insoluble SilicMasaver h lug-stone is theglauconitie earth ibuud in difsand) y 16 788 ferent geologicalformations 0 our earth, but I more especially in the upper, secondary,or oreig g fif g g 241 taceous formation-particularly lathe State of Suihuricacid d Neg Jers ey. This material is generally called 8) 1 054 uthe reen sand ot'the cretaceous or tertiary j. formations,and in NewJersey marl without gi g gfi being really either a sand or a marl, asIshall Wateg in hb' hj d 8 5 N demonstrate below. This glauconitic earth,or

"loam, as it may properly be called, is in its natural state ratherinduratc and lumpy and contains a considerable quantity of rotoxide ot'iron in the state of asilicate of lIOl]. Thorder to disintegrate theiianamana ofivert the protoxide of iron into a peroxide and prevent aperoxidation in the stone, which must necessarily render it brittle, theglauconitic loam is quarried a long time beforeits use andosedto'tlieiiiflueiice offlieatm'o'sfn'ef. It Is "e'stto'quarry itin thefall and ose it, in layers not more than from twelve'to Eighteen inchesin thickness to tlgg fggst dur ing the inter. When the g Ia'u'coniticearth'or lotini issufficiently disintegrated and the protoxide.Qiiromamrertesl-ietae .eroxide I'Fmfis'fli rg'du ced to aunjtorinpomer. In order to regulate the moisture of the same, and to render thepressure more uniform, it is then heated to glee, st 2123 f heat, put inmolds, and submitted to a pressure about equal to the weight of onehundre tons to the square foot.

If carefully prepared, my glauconitic buildtug-stone does not onlyresemble closely the blue granite of the Eastern States, butis fullyequal to it in hardness and durability, resisting any climatic eflectand temperature fully lauconitic earth or loam as it is found inMonmouth com-l", n the Sf'a'te of New Jersey:

100.000 parts.

sand can in reality not be a sand, containing only about seventeen percent. of a very fine sand. Its other silicious contents are sili catesof polash antl iron, which, although granu laTted, ca'nnotbe calledsand. This glauconitic loam is in New Jersey, where it is found,generally called marl, simply on account of its fertilizing quality;butitis byno means a marl. It contains only about four per cent. oflime, as the analysis shows, whereas a marl must contain from ten toninety per cent. of lime, and, besides, aquantity of recentshells. OonfJames D. Danas System of Mineralogy, pages 525 and 593, second editionof 1844.

The ingredients acting as a cement are the o zgi d eo t' i ron, thealuminajTfii'd the different sj ligat es, which, by means'of thepressure and also the heat applied, cement the glauconitic mass to astone much harder and more durable than any artificial stone hithertoinvented.

In order to give my glauconitic buildingstone a difi'erent color, or tomodify the color and to form it under a lesser degree of pressure, Iaddeither a certain quantity of hvdraulieThisglaucouiticearth,althoughcalled reen or' lt osgndale cement, evensulphate Q of 1 me. The cement impar s 0 it a darker, the llEE'alighter, color. Both colors can be increased by increased quantities ofcement or lime. This addition is made by mixing either the cement or thelime thoroughly with the glauconitic earth in a moist state and thenheating it in orderto drive off the excess of nio'istufef and adapt itmore for 'the press. "When the stones have been subjected to thenecessary ,pressure they are put in drying-sheds for a sutficient time,and are then ready for use.

The shape of the buildingstones is entirely optional. They can bepressed into any size, from that of bricks to blocks three or fourfeetlong and of considerable width and thickness.

I know several patents have been granted for the invention of artificialstones, bricks, or building-blocks. Among them are only two to which myinvention may have a slightsimilarity. These are, first, the patent ofAmbrose Foster, Portland, Wisconsin, andElizabeth A. Messinger,administratix, and William Spencer, granted in January, 1855 second, thepatent of St. Julien Ravenel, granted in August, 1856; but there is nocollision between those patents and my claim. The first of these patentswas granted for a composition of silicious sand in a coarse state, asfree as possible from admixture with clay or earth, with freshly-slakedlime. The claim of the first of those patents is entirely confined to amixture of pure coarse sand and lime. This is proven by the granting ofthe second patent for a mixture of pulverized marl and slaked lime. Myclaim does not embrace sand, but glaucowillingly do it.

@ nitic earth orloam. This is called green sand,

it is true, but, containing only about seventeen per cent. of sand, itdoes not deserve that name. My claim embraces actually such particles asare discarded from the coarse sand, according to the specification ofthe first patentviz., alumina, oxide of iron, 85c. Could I discard thesand out of my material I would It is superfluous. I do also not claimthe addition 0 f l i m e as a cement, but onl as a c( l o r ing-matter.The second patenthas een grantil'i'ort'lie'inanufacture of an artificialstone of pulverized marl and slaked lime. The material to which I layclaim is no marl, as I have proven by the best of authorities. It,therefore, after the granting of the first patent for a mixture of sandand lime a second has been granted for marl and lime, there cannot beany objection to the granting of a third for glauconiticearth,itbeingneither sand nor marl, and heat being used, which hasnotbeen claimed in either of the above patents.

Disclaiming now herewith expressly the manufacture of an artificialstone of sand and lime, as well as of marl and lime, I limit my claim tothe manufacture of an artificial glauconiticbnilding-stone in theabove-stated manner, of glauconitie earth or loam, such as it is foundin the cretaoeous and some other geological formations, with theadmixture of either cement or sulphate or hydrate of lime, substantiallyas described.

CLARK D. PAGE.

Witnesses LEWIS HARPER, H. POMEROY.

